Chapter+Summary+7


 * __Chapter Objective__: To analyze the economic, social, and political effects of immigration and to understand the immigrant experience. **

__Main Idea __: Immigration from Europe, Asian, the Caribbean, and Mexico reached a new high in the late 19th and early 20th centuries.
 * Section 1: The New Immigrants **

__Objective__: Identify immigrants’ countries or origin. Questions: 1. From which parts of the world did immigrants come to the U.S.A.? 2. For what reasons did they journey to America?

__Objective__: Describe the journey immigrants endured and their experiences at United States immigration stations. Questions: 3. What difficulties did immigrants face on their journey to the U.S.? 4. What were the differences and similarities between the two U.S. immigration centers? 5. How did many immigrants cope after arriving in America??

__Objective__: Examine the causes and effects of the nativists’ anti-immigrant sentiments. Questions: 6. What did nativists believe? 7. How did the Chinese Exclusion Act and Gentleman’s Agreement limit Asian immigration?

**Section 2: The Challenges of Urbanization** __Main Idea __: The rapid growth of cities forced people to contend with problems if housing, transportations, water, and sanitation.

__Objective__: Describe the movement of immigrants to cities and the opportunities they found there. Questions: 8. Why did many immigrants settle in the nation’s cities? 9. What was the goal of the Americanization movement? 10. For what reasons did a number of Americans move from the country to the cities?

__Objective__: Explain how cities dealt with housing, transportation, sanitation, and safety issues. Questions: 11. What were the housing problems that many poor city dwellers faced? 12. What other difficulties did immigrants and poor residents encounter?

__Objective__: Describe some of the organizations and people who offered help to urban immigrants. Questions: 13. What was the Social Gospel movement? 14. What was the purpose of settlement houses? Who was Jane Addams?

__Main Idea __: Local and national political corruption in the 19th century led to calls for reform.
 * Section 3: Politics in the Gilded Age **

__Objective__: Explain the role of political machines and political bosses. Questions: 15. What was a political machine? 16. What was the role of a political boss? 17. What role did immigrants play in the politics of many cities?

__Objective__: Describe how some politicians’ greed and fraud cost taxpayers millions of dollars. Questions: 18. What means did many political machines use to maintain power? 19. For what reasons was the Tweed Ring so notorious?

__Objective__: Describe the measures taken by Presidents Hayes, Garfield, and Arthur to reform the spoils system. Questions: 20. What were the consequences of the patronage system? 21. What political reforms efforts did Presidents Hayes, Garfield, and Arthur undertake? (e.g. Pendleton Civil Service Act)

__Objective__: Explain the positions taken by Presidents Cleveland, Harrison, and McKinley on the tariff issue. Questions: 22. Where did Presidents Cleveland and Harrison stand on the tariff issue? 23. What happened to tariffs when Cleveland was reelected and how did things change when McKinley took office? (e.g. McKinley Tariff Act of 1890)